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NEGATIVE Immigration 119th Congress

H.R.3486 Stop Illegal Entry Act

Criminalizes illegal entry into the United States and expands immigration enforcement powers (119th Congress)

View on Congress.gov

Legal & Constitutional Grounding

The Refugee Convention prohibits penalizing refugees for irregular entry from territories of persecution.

1951 Refugee Convention, Art. 31 — prohibits imposing penalties on refugees for illegal entry when they come from a territory where their life or freedom is threatened
  • 1967 Protocol — extends Convention protections; U.S. acceded 1968

Bill activity

Introduced May 19, 2025 by Stephanie I. Bice (R-OK) with 3 original cosponsors. 5 cosponsors as of Jun 3, 2025. Passed the House Sep 11, 2025, 226-197.

  • Reached the House floor after the House Committee on the Judiciary reported it (H. Rept. 119-200), under a special rule from the Rules Committee (H.Res.682).
Rep. Pat Ryan (D-NY-18) is not listed among the cosponsors of this bill. Rep. Pat Ryan (D-NY-18) voted nay on the House roll call counted in grades (roll no. 264, Sep 11, 2025).
  1. IntroducedMay 19, 2025
  2. Passed HouseSep 11, 2025
  3. Passed Senate 
  4. To President 
  5. Became Law 

Latest action Sep 15, 2025: Received in the Senate.

Sponsor Stephanie I. Bice (R-OK)

5 cosponsors (3 original):

Cosponsorship closed Jul 15, 2025 (119th Congress): the House Judiciary Committee reported the bill.

Activity log

Source: Congress.gov actions
  1. Introduced in House
  2. Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
  3. 3 original cosponsors on the day of introduction
  4. Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 14 - 10.House
  5. 2 members cosponsored
  6. Reported (Amended) by the House Committee on the Judiciary. H. Rept. 119-200.
  7. House floor day: vote on the rule (H.Res.682) (4 steps)
    1. Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 682 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 3838 and H.R. 3486. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 3838 under a structured rule and H.R. 3486 under a closed...
    2. On ordering the previous question Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 213 - 207 (Roll no. 242).
    3. Passed/agreed to in House: On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote: 210 - 207 (Roll no. 243).
    4. Rule H. Res. 682 passed House.
  8. House floor day: passage (7 steps)
    1. Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 682.
    2. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 3838 and H.R. 3486. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 3838 under a structured rule and H.R. 3486 under a closed rule with one hour of general debate and one motion to...
    3. DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 3486.
    4. The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
    5. POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 3486, the Chair put the question on passage of the bill and by voice vote, announced the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Raskin demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair...
    6. Considered as unfinished business.
    7. On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 226 - 197 (Roll no. 264). (text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H4242)
  9. House vote: Passage of the billCounted in grades
    Passed, 226-197
    Of 5 cosponsors: 5 voted yea, 0 voted nay.
    Member breakdown · Official House roll call 264
  10. Received in the Senate.

Votes on this bill

3 votes: 3 recorded roll calls and 0 decided without a recorded vote, 0 of them on amendments. Votes counted in grades are marked.

Sep 9, 20252:01 pmHouseVote to end debate on the rule (ordering the previous question)
H.Res.682On ordering the previous question Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 213 - 207 (Roll no. 242).Agreed to213-207Nay
PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
Democratic020705
Republican213005
Independent0000
Total213207010
Official House roll call
Sep 9, 20252:10 pmHouseVote on the rule (H.Res.682)On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote: 210 - 207 (Roll no. 243).Agreed to210-207Nay
PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
Democratic020606
Republican210108
Independent0000
Total210207014
Official House roll call
Sep 11, 202510:47 amHousePassage of the billCounted in gradesOn passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 226 - 197 (Roll no. 264). (text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H4242)Passed226-197Nay

Counted in grades

Of 5 cosponsors: 5 voted yea, 0 voted nay. Question voted on: Passage of the bill

PartyYeaNayPresentNot voting
Democratic1119705
Republican215004
Independent0000
Total22619709
Official House roll call

Amendments

1 amendment: 1 agreed to.

Agreed to (1)

H.Amdt.102Sep 11
Pursuant to H. Res. 682, the amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on the Judiciary now printed in the bill, modified by the amendment printed in Part B of the report, is considered adopted.Without a recorded vote

Who Lobbied on This Bill

$560K combined quarterly activity
2 lobbying firms
6 clients represented
2025-fourth_quarter–2025-third_quarter filing period
⚠ 1 lobbyist who worked this bill previously held government positions
Show all 1
  • SANTIAGO GONZALEZ — Legislative Director/Sr. Policy Adviser/Legislative Asst., Senator Michael Bennet; Policy Adviser, Rep. Jason Crow;…
Policy Areas Covered
Civil Rights/Civil Liberties Immigration
Government Entities Lobbied
  • Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (BCIS)
  • Education, Dept of
  • HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
  • Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS)
  • Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
  • SENATE
  • Social Security Administration (SSA)
Who Hired the Lobbyists
  • CASA, INC. Immigrant right and services organization
  • AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION Protecting civil liberties
  • LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE ON CIVIL AND HUMAN RIGHTS Civil rights organization.
  • SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION
  • SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER Civil Rights and Economic Justice Organization
  • COMMUNITY CHANGE ACTION Economic justice, immigration reform, retirement security and affordable housing.

Source: Senate LDA filings · Dollar figures are combined quarterly totals for all lobbying by each firm, not bill-specific spend.

Increases criminal penalties for illegal entry and reentry at the border. Criminalizing migration rather than addressing root causes has documented failure to reduce unauthorized crossings, and mandatory minimums for reentry disproportionately affect asylum seekers.